English is basically a thrift store: we wander in looking for a perfectly normal way to say something and walk out using a phrase from 1792 that still smells faintly of timeless saltwater. A surprising number of our everyday sayings didn’t come from poets or professors—they came from sailors.

Take “learning the ropes.” Today it means getting up to speed at a new job. On a sailing ship it meant, quite literally, learning which rope did what—because pulling the wrong line could rearrange the sails, the schedule, and possibly your spine. Similarly, “batten down the hatches” isn’t just a dramatic way to say “close the windows.” Sailors nailed battens (wooden strips) over hatch covers to keep waves from turning the interior of the ship into an indoor pool with angry furniture.

Then there’s my personal favorite, “three sheets to the wind,” which is the highbrow, seaworthy way to announce you’re “drunk enough to argue with a mailbox.” Contrary to what you might expect, a “sheet” isn’t something you sleep under or forget to wash—it’s actually a rope, not a sail, used to control the sail. These sheets are tied to the lower corners of the sails, holding them steady—sort of like the nautical equivalent of a belt for your pants. If three sheets fly loose and wild, the sails flap and the boat stumbles around like it’s just been kicked out of a sailor’s bar at closing time. Trust me, after nine years in the Navy, I know exactly what that looks like—the boat, I mean. (Any resemblance to my own Saturday nights in port is purely coincidental.)

“Taken aback” also started at sea: if the wind hits the wrong side of the sails, they can be “aback,” stopping the ship short. So if you’re taken aback in a meeting, you’re basically a surprised schooner, suddenly going nowhere while everyone stares.

So the next time you’re under the weather (another sea-born phrase—sailors literally went below deck to escape rough conditions), remember: our language has barnacles. We keep these salty expressions because they’re vivid, useful, and they make ordinary life feel slightly more adventurous. After all, “I’m experiencing mild inconvenience” is accurate, but “I had to batten down the hatches” makes it sound like you’re bravely facing a storm against immense adversity—it will impress your peers.

Why We Say What We Say!

You Don't Have to be a Sailor to Talk Like One